1.Describe the role of inetinfo.exe, aspnet_isapi.dll andaspnet_wp.exe in the page loading process.
Ans. inetinfo.exe is theMicrosoft IIS server running, handling ASP.NET requests among other things.When an ASP.NET request is received (usually a file with .aspx extension), the ISAPI filter aspnet_isapi.dll takes care of it by passing the request tothe actual worker process aspnet_wp.exe.
2.What’s the difference between Response.Write() andResponse.Output.Write()?
Ans.Response.Output.Write() allows you to write formatted output.
3.What methods are fired during the page load?
Init() - when the page is instantiated
Load() - when the page is loaded into server memory
PreRender() - the brief moment before the page is displayed to the user as HTML
Unload() - when page finishes loading.
4.When during the page processing cycle is ViewState available?
After the Init() and before the Page_Load(), or OnLoad() for a control.
5.What namespace does the Web page belong in the .NET Framework class hierarchy?
System.Web.UI.Page
6.Where do you store the information about the user’s locale?
System.Web.UI.Page.Culture
7.What’s the difference between Codebehind=”MyCode.aspx.cs” andSrc=”MyCode.aspx.cs”?
CodeBehind is relevant to Visual Studio.NET only.
8.What’s a bubbled event?
When you have a complex control, like DataGrid, writing an event processing routine for each object (cell, button, row, etc.) is quite tedious. The controls can bubble up their eventhandlers, allowing the main DataGrid event handler to take care of its constituents.
9.Suppose you want a certain ASP.NET function executed on MouseOver for a certain button. Where do you add an event handler?
Add an OnMouseOver attribute to the button. Example: btnSubmit.Attributes.Add(”onmouseover”,”someClientCodeHere();”);
10.What data types do the RangeValidator control support?
Integer, String, and Date.
11.Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
Server-side code executes on the server. Client-side code executes in the client’s browser.
12.What type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
The answer is server-side code since code-behind is executed on the server. However, during the code-behind’s execution on the server, it can render client-side code such as JavaScript to be processed in the clients browser. But just to be clear, code-behind executes on the server, thus making it server-side code.
13.Should user input data validation occur server-side or client-side? Why?
All user input data validation should occur on the server at a minimum. Additionally, client-side validation can be performed where deemed appropriate and feasable to provide a richer, more responsive experience for the user.
14.What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect? Why would I choose one over the other?
Server.Transfer transfers page processing from one page directly to the next page without making a round-trip back to the client’s browser. This provides a faster response with a little less overhead on the server. Server.Transfer does not update the clients url history list or current url. Response.Redirect is used to redirect the user’s browser to another page or site. This performas a trip back to the client where the client’s browser is redirected to the new page. The user’s browser history list is updated to reflect the new address.
15.Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
Valid answers are:
· A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views.
· A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.
· Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.
· There’s no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.
· DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.
· You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.
· Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources.
16.What is the Global.asax used for?
The Global.asax (including the Global.asax.cs file) is used to implement application and session level events.
17.What are the Application_Start and Session_Start subroutines used for?
This is where you can set the specific variables for the Application and Session objects.
18.Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
When you want to inherit (use the functionality of) another class. Example: With a base class named Employee, a Manager class could be derived from the Employee base class.
19.Whats an assembly?
Assemblies are the building blocks of the .NET framework. Overview of assemblies from MSDN
20.Describe the difference between inline and code behind.
Inline code written along side the html in a page. Code-behind is code written in a separate file and referenced by the .aspx page.
21.Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one?
The DiffGram is one of the two XML formats that you can use to render DataSet object contents to XML. A good use is reading database data to an XML file to be sent to a Web Service.
22.Whats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all?
MSIL is the Microsoft Intermediate Language. All .NET compatible languages will get converted to MSIL. MSIL also allows the .NET Framework to JIT compile the assembly on the installed computer.
23.Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset with data?
The Fill() method.
24.Can you edit data in the Repeater control?
No, it just reads the information from its data source.
25.Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control?
ItemTemplate.
26.How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control?
Use the AlternatingItemTemplate.
27.What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in order to bind the data from a data source to the Repeater control?
You must set the DataSource property and call the DataBind method.
28.What base class do all Web Forms inherit from?
The Page class.
29.Name two properties common in every validation control?
ControlToValidate property and Text property.
30.Which property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to setting the DataSource, to display data in the combo box?
DataTextField property.
31.Which control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two different controls matched?
CompareValidator control.
32.How many classes can a single .NET DLL contain?
It can contain many classes.
Web Service Questions
1.What is the transport protocol you use to call a Web service?
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is the preferred protocol.
2.True or False: A Web service can only be written in .NET?
False
3.What does WSDL stand for?
Web Services Description Language.
4.Where on the Internet would you look for Web services?
http://www.uddi.org
5.True or False: To test a Web service you must create a Windows application or Web application to consume this service?
False, the web service comes with a test page and it provides HTTP-GET method to test.
State Management Questions
1.What is ViewState?
ViewState allows the state of objects (serializable) to be stored in a hidden field on the page. ViewState is transported to the client and back to the server, and is not stored on the server or any other external source. ViewState is used the retain the state of server-side objects between postabacks.
2.What is the lifespan for items stored in ViewState?
Item stored in ViewState exist for the life of the current page. This includes postbacks (to the same page).
3.What does the “EnableViewState” property do? Why would I want it on or off?
It allows the page to save the users input on a form across postbacks. It saves the server-side values for a given control into ViewState, which is stored as a hidden value on the page before sending the page to the clients browser. When the page is posted back to the server the server control is recreated with the state stored in viewstate.
4.What are the different types of Session state management options available with ASP.NET?
ASP.NET provides In-Process and Out-of-Process state management. In-Process stores the session in memory on the web server. This requires the a “sticky-server” (or no load-balancing) so that the user is always reconnected to the same web server. Out-of-Process Session state management stores data in an external data source. The external data source may be either a SQL Server or a State Server service. Out-of-Process state management requires that all objects stored in session are serializable.
TCS Interview Questions…
1) What is abstract class?
2) What is assembly.
3) How you install assembly?
4) What is shared assembly?
5) Tell about web.config?
6) How many catches will be there in a try block?
7) Write a query that matches all the results in two tables?
What is ASP.NET Page Life Cycle?
9) How do you validate checkboxes in datagrid?
10)Differences between response.redirect, server.transfer, server.execute.
11)What is the difference between function and stored procedure
12)Write a query which gives the highest salary without using max andwhere keywords.
13) How do you upload asp.net project onto web server?
14) What is event bubbling?
15) What are the technologies used in Ajax?
Note: U’ll get all answers of the above questions in Dotnet Faq’s Book.
Wipro Sql Interview Questions & Answers..
1.What is normalization? Explain different levels of normalization?
It is set of rules that has been established to aid in the design of tables that are mean to be connected through relationships. This set of rules is known as Normalization.
Benefits:
Avoiding repetitive entries.
Reducing required storage space
Increased speed and flexibility of queries, sorts and summaries.
2.What is denormalization and when would you go for it?
Denormalization is the process of putting one fact in numerous places (its vice-versa of normalization).Only one valid reason exists for denormalizing a relational design - to enhance performance.The sacrifice to performance is that you increase redundancy in database.
3.How do you implement one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many relationships while designing tables?
One-to-One relationship can be implemented as a single table and rarely as two tables with primary and foreign key relationships. One-to-Many relationships are implemented by splitting the data into two tables with primary key and foreign key relationships. Many-to-Many relationships are implemented using a junction table with the keys from both the tables forming the composite primary key of the junction table. It will be a good idea to read up a database designing fundamentals text book.
4.What’s the difference between a primary key and a unique key?
Both primary key and unique enforce uniqueness of the column on which they are defined. But by default primary key creates a clustered index on the column, where are unique creates a nonclustered index by default. Another major difference is that, primary key doesn’t allow NULLs, but unique key allows one NULL only.
5.What are user defined datatypes and when you should go for them?
User defined datatypes let you extend the base SQL Server datatypes by providing a descriptive name, and format to the database. Take for example, in your database, there is a column called Flight_Num which appears in many tables. In all these tables it should be varchar(8). In this case you could create a user defined datatype called Flight_num_type of varchar(8) and use it across all your tables. See sp_addtype, sp_droptype in books online
6.What is bit datatype and what’s the information that can be stored inside a bit column?
Bit datatype is used to store boolean information like 1 or 0 (true or false). Untill SQL Server 6.5 bit datatype could hold either a 1 or 0 and there was no support for NULL. But from SQL Server 7.0 onwards, bit datatype can represent a third state, which is NULL.
7.Define candidate key, alternate key, composite key.
A candidate key is one that can identify each row of a table uniquely. Generally a candidate key becomes the primary key of the table. If the table has more than one candidate key, one of them will become the primary key, and the rest are called alternate keys. A key formed by combining at least two or more columns is called composite key
8.What are defaults? Is there a column to which a default can’t be bound?
A default is a value that will be used by a column, if no value is supplied to that column while inserting data. IDENTITY columns and timestamp columns can’t have defaults bound to them. See CREATE DEFAULT in books online.
9.What is a transaction and what are ACID properties?
A transaction is a logical unit of work in which, all the steps must be performed or none. ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability. These are the properties of a transaction. For more information and explanation of these properties, see SQL Server books online or any RDBMS fundamentals text book. Explain different isolation levels An isolation level determines the degree of isolation of data between concurrent transactions. The default SQL Server isolation level is Read Committed. Here are the other isolation levels (in the ascending order of isolation): Read Uncommitted, Read Committed, Repeatable Read, Serializable. See SQL Server books online for an explanation of the isolation levels. Be sure to read about SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL, which lets you customize the isolation level at the connection level. Read Committed - A transaction operating at the Read Committed level cannot see changes made by other transactions until those transactions are committed. At this level of isolation, dirty reads are not possible but nonrepeatable reads and phantoms are possible. Read Uncommitted - A transaction operating at the Read Uncommitted level can see uncommitted changes made by other transactions. At this level of isolation, dirty reads, nonrepeatable reads, and phantoms are all possible. Repeatable Read - A transaction operating at the Repeatable Read level is guaranteed not to see any changes made by other transactions in values it has already read. At this level of isolation, dirty reads and nonrepeatable reads are not possible but phantoms are possible. Serializable - A transaction operating at the Serializable level guarantees that all concurrent transactions interact only in ways that produce the same effect as if each transaction were entirely executed one after the other. At this isolation level, dirty reads, nonrepeatable reads, and phantoms are not possible.
10.What’s the maximum size of a row?
8060 bytes. Don’t be surprised with questions like ‘what is the maximum number of columns per table’. 1024 columns per table. Check out SQL Server books online for the page titled: “Maximum Capacity Specifications”. Explain Active/Active and Active/Passive cluster configurations Hopefully you have experience setting up cluster servers. But if you don’t, at least be familiar with the way clustering works and the two clusterning configurations Active/Active and Active/Passive. SQL Server books online has enough information on this topic and there is a good white paper available on Microsoft site. Explain the architecture of SQL Server This is a very important question and you better be able to answer it if consider yourself a DBA. SQL Server books online is the best place to read about SQL Server architecture. Read up the chapter dedicated to SQL Server Architecture.
Value Labs Dotnet Questions..
1.Differences between stored procedure and functions?
2) What are design patterns?
3) Write stored procedure with input and output parameters?
4) How Themes have advantage over CSS in ASP.NET?
5) What are abstract class?
6) Expand SRS?
7) What are different types of joins?
What is the difference between sub queries and Joins?
9) What is the difference between abstract class and interfaces?
10) What is web.config?11) What is isolation in asp.net page?
12) How do you handle errors in page level?
13) Tell some controls related to Ajax?
14) Javascript: How do you display an alert with the text containingin a textbox?
15) Write the syntax for Fileupload control?
16) For HTML controls we can add runat=”server” why to use servercontrol always what is the advantage of using server controls overHTML controls?
17) Briefly explain 3-Tier architecture in ASP.NET?
18) Have you done manual paging and sorting in gridview?
19) What are the events related to paging in gridview?
20) To disable validations controls on client side what we must do?
21) What is use of Dataview?
22) What s the validation for checkbox in gridview?
23) How do you display the contents in a dropdownlist according to therowindex of a GRIDVIEW?
24) What is multiview?
25) Write the code for disconneceted data architecture?
26) Can you use dataview with datareader?
27) How do you find a control in gridview?
28) Can user1 can see session of another user?
29) When session and applicaton state will be used?
30) What is the page Life cycle in asp.net?
31) Can we put a session variable in Page_pre-init?
32) Can we put a session variable in Page_Unload?
33) What is Ajax?
34) What is the difference between method overloading and methodoverriding?
35) If a constructor has same name as base class. If an object iscreated .It will refer to constructor or class?
36) Have you created functions?
37) What are webservices?
38) Why we use @@ in sql?
39) Is better to use double or decimal in .net?
40) What is the difference between as and is operator?
41)What is web.config
42) Difference between for and foreach loop?
43.)Difference between String and String builder class?
44) Difference between Reference types and Value types
45)Difference between Stored Procedure and Views?
46)How do u extract first 3 rows of a table?
47) How do distribute the layers in 3-tier architecure?
48) Difference between Execute Scalar, Execute Reader n Execute nonscalar
49) what is datatable
50) How do u deploy a web application?
52) what is web service
53)Hhow do u call Garbage Collector?
54) Garbage collector collects unused objects from stack or heap?
55) Difference between decimal & double?
56)Which one of double n decimal is recommended to use?
Note: U’ll get all answers of the above questions in Dotnet Faq’s Book.
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